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PAPERS
The Right to Resistance in Situations of Extreme Lackness. By Roberto Gargarella.
Since
the late nineties, and following a decade of severe structural adjustment
plans, Latin America has been through several experiencies of popular
riots. These riots brought together massive demonstrations and high levels
of physical and verbal aggression towards politicians, judges and civil
servants in general. The riots included, for instance, the organization
of “piquetes” aimed at blocking trafic in main roads, aimed
at demaning employment, food, or at the award of subsidies; they included
also loud demonstrations (that is, “cazerolazos”). These aggressions
towards public authorities included both their residences and properties,
as well as the public buildings in which they worked (goverment seat,
parliament, courthouse, etc.). Among other results, riots forced the dismission
of president Raúl Cubas, in Paraguay, in 1999; the dismission of
president Alberto Fujimori, in Peru, in 2000; that of president Jail Mahuuad,
in Ecuador, in 2000 (as well as the remotion of president Abdala Burcaram,
in 1996); that of president Sánchez de Lozada in Bolivia, in 2002;
that of president Bertrand Aristide, in Haití, in 2004. In Argentina,
protests culminated in a profound crisis, which included the mandate of
five different presidents in less than two weeks. Of course the demonstrations
were promoted, in each case, on the basis of partially different circumstances.
Some were possibly more legitimate than others; some were more “spontaneous”
or more “genuine” than others; other ones were more powerful
and long-lasting than others. However, these variations should not hinder
us to recognize the similarity of the events, similarity which has to
do with the type of crisis affecting several of legal contemporary orders.
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Technical Time and Affective States. By Antonio de la Cruz Vallés
After
Being and Time, the work of Heidegger concentretes on the role
of the emotions: on one hand, he seeks the fundaments of philosophy on
a deep emotions; on the other hand, he bases his social analysis on the
prevaility emotions. Both ideas are best shown in his Die Grundbegriffe
der Metaphysik. From this work I expose the present social relevance
of a specific emotion, boredom, and its relation with the technical time.
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Formalization in Philosophy. By Sven Ove Hansson.
The
advantages and disadvantages of formalization in philosophy are summarized.
It is concluded that formalized philosophy is an endangered speciality
that needs to be revitalized and to increase its interactions with non-formalized
philosophy. The enigmatic style that is common in philosophical logic
must give way to explicit discussions of the problematic relationship
between formal models and the philosophical concepts and issues that motivated
their development.
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Will Kymlicka: The Defense of Minority Nationalism. By Federico Pérez
The
increasing immigration to the developed world is joining to the reborn
of nationalism in confront the state by the so called pluralism challenge.
In front of the increase of diversity, the liberal discourse is no more
satisfied by the notion of individualism, and some authors like Will Kymlicka,
search an alliance with nationalism. Then, if individual freedom is significative
in a cultural context, human rights most extend to protect that context,
by group rights. In the present article we discuss the coherence of this
concept of a contextualistic freedom, and confront it with a wide idea
of citizenship.
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