This study introduces a novel framework based on “alliance tensile strength” to understand strategic alliance failure, integrating insights from a resource-based view (RBV) and transaction cost economics (TCE). Our simulation model, analyzing factors like resource availability, innovation capability, relationship quality, partner preferences, and partner alternatives, identifies a critical stress threshold beyond which the alliance cannot recover and, therefore, is prone to failure. The findings highlight the importance of these factors in alliance understanding the transition from resilience to failure. We also present the Strategic Alliance Resilience Toolkit, a practical tool for alliance managers to enhance resilience strategies and mitigate failure risks. This research offers valuable theoretical and practical insights, bridging the gap between academic understanding and the management of strategic alliances.